Key trends and drivers in greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union

Key messages

In 2024, net domestic GHG emissions fell by about 3% compared to the previous year, reaching their lowest recorded level since the 1990 baseline. This is equivalent to a 40% reduction since 1990. The EU now accounts for about 5% of global GHG emissions.

GHG emissions from electricity and heat production are regulated by the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS) and have fallen by a notable 58% since 1990. In addition to improved efficiency, there has been a clear move from carbon-intensive fuels such as coal, towards less carbon-intense natural gas and renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind.

Between 1990 and 2024, there has been a continued decoupling of gross domestic product (GDP) from GHG emissions in the EU, with GDP increasing by over 70% and net domestic GHG emissions falling by 40 % in the same time period. These trends have also contributed to better air quality, more innovation, and improved energy security.