From pollution to ocean warming: The climate impacts of marine microplastics

Despite being a critical global issue, the role of microplastics (MPs) in climate change has received limited attention. Climate disruption and plastic pollution are two major environmental challenges that intersect in complex ways. MPs influence biogeochemical processes, disrupt oceanic carbon pumps, and contribute directly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In marine ecosystems, MPs alter the natural carbon sequestration by affecting phytoplankton and zooplankton, which are key agents of carbon cycling. Additionally, the plastisphere, a microbial community colonizing MPs, plays a significant role in GHG production due to its diverse microbial networks. This review highlights the close relationship between MP pollution and climate change, suggesting that MPs may significantly contribute to climate change and potentially further affect ocean health in the form of ocean warming and ocean acidification. Given the interconnected nature of these challenges, a holistic and integrated strategy is essential to effectively address them. Furthermore, this article examines MP pollution through the lens of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and human rights, recognizing that MP pollution can hinder the implementation of sustainable strategies and action plans necessary for achieving the SDGs.