State of the Climate

This update on the current state of the global climate has been prepared to inform discussions at the thirtieth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30) with authoritative, up-to-date information. The update combines consolidated data for the year 2024 with preliminary data for 2025 to date where available. While some indicators, such as global temperature and sea-level rise, can be monitored in near-real time, others – such as greenhouse gas concentrations, glacier mass balance and river discharge – are only available through the end of 2024 due to the time required for collection, quality control and verification. Together, these complementary datasets provide a robust picture of ongoing climate change.

The information presented here draws on WMO reports and contributions from partner institutions. All data are from authoritative sources, which are listed on the final page of this update to ensure transparency and traceability.

This update is intended to be used as:

• A science-based reference to anchor COP negotiations in authoritative evidence.
• A communication tool to highlight key climate indicators and their relevance to support policymaking.
• A bridge to more detailed reports, where the underlying datasets and analyses can be explored further.