Nature-based solutions for fire-resilient European forests

This briefing outlines the potential of nature-based solutions (NbS) to reduce fire risk and increase overall climate resilience across Europe’s forests. It is based on a review of forest management case studies across Europe and available literature, and is published in the context of the EU adaptation strategy and the forest strategy for 2030.

Key messages

Fire is a natural part of the Earth system. However, the frequency, intensity and impacts of wildfires in Europe are increasing. Between 2000 and 2024, an average of 3,770km² of land was subject to fires annually in the EEA member countries.

Climate change, urban expansion and land abandonment in rural areas are increasing the occurrence of fire-prone conditions. The interface between wildland and urban environments, where the risk of wildfires is especially high, is estimated to cover 7.4% of the land surface in the EEA33.

NbS like adaptive forestry, green corridors, agroforestry, rewetting and rewilding can play key roles in transitioning from fire suppression to fire management. NbS can also increase the resilience of forests to other climate change threats, including pest outbreaks.

The most suitable NbS will depend on site-specific biophysical, socio-economic and governance conditions. Early stakeholder involvement is essential for avoiding conflicts, for example with economic interests and nature conservation objectives.