Advances in hospital energy systems: Genetic algorithm optimization of a hybrid solar and hydrogen fuel cell combined heat and power

This paper presents an innovative Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power (FC–CHP) system designed to enhance energy efficiency in hospital settings. The system primarily utilizes solar energy, captured through photovoltaic (PV) panels, for electricity generation. Excess electricity is directed to an electrolyzer for water electrolysis, producing hydrogen which is stored in high-pressure tanks. This hydrogen serves a dual purpose: it fuels a boiler for heating and hot water needs and powers a fuel cell for additional electricity when solar production is low. The system also features an intelligent energy management system that dynamically allocates electrical energy between immediate consumption, hydrogen production, and storage, while also managing hydrogen release for energy production. This study focuses on optimization using genetic algorithms to optimize key components, including the peak power of photovoltaic panels, the nominal power of the electrolyzer, fuel cell, and storage tank sizes. The objective function minimizes the sum of investment, and electricity costs from the grid, considering a penalty coefficient. This approach ensures optimal use of renewable energy sources, contributing to energy efficiency and sustainability in healthcare facilities.