The 2026 Europe Report of the Lancet Countdown

Compiled with the contribution of 65 experts spanning 46 academic and UN institutions, the new report explores 43 indicators which monitor the health impacts of climate change, as well as the inadequate, delayed or missed opportunities of climate action in Europe.

Key Messages

CLIMATE CHANGE IS ALREADY COSTING LIVES IN EUROPE – AND THE HEALTH RISKS ARE ACCELERATING

Europe is experiencing a sharp rise in heat-related deaths, unsafe working hours, food insecurity, and climate sensitive infectious disease risks. Vulnerable groups including infants, older people, low-income households and outdoor workers are being hit first and hardest.

EUROPE’S FOSSIL FUEL DEPENDENCE IS HOLDING BACK PROGRESS AND HARMING HEALTH

New evidence reveals that Europe’s path to a safer, healthier future is being slowed by ongoing dependence on polluting fuels. Despite Europe’s leadership in decarbonisation, fossil fuels and combustion-based heating remain deeply embedded in Europe’s energy systems, leaving Europeans vulnerable to the harms of fossil fuel dependence – from polluted air to economic shocks.

RENEWED MOMENTUM/LEADERSHIP IS REQUIRED TO SECURE A HEALTH FUTURE

Despite a surge in scientific research, engagement from politicians, the public and the media showed concerning decline in 2023. At the same time, climate litigation is emerging as one of the few arenas elevating the health imperative, with the International Court of Justice affirming states’ legal obligations to protect human wellbeing. Europe is still a global leader of climate action, but without renewed momentum on adaptation and mitigation, health gains will stall.