Compounded effects on wetland greenhouse gas fluxes from climate change and water management along a saline to freshwater gradient

To manage a large wetland landscape like the Everglades as a net carbon sink, carbon uptake and emissions must be balanced along a gradient of coastal saline mangroves and marshes to nontidal freshwater marshes and forests. Pairing ground and airborne measurements with long-term satellite imagery helps monitor how greenhouse gas exchange changes with wetland vegetation, salt and freshwater levels, disturbances, and management of these compounding factors. Our dataset revealed the importance of restoring hydrologic flows to potentially increase aerobic conditions that minimize freshwater marshes as methane sources and to maximize carbon dioxide uptake in healthy and recovering mangroves. Data upscaling enabled a landscape perspective of carbon exchange needed to improve carbon inventories and manage diverse wetlands as nature-based climate solutions.